发布时间：2023-09-27 10:03:57
绪论：一篇引人入胜的地籍测绘和土地管理，需要建立在充分的资料搜集和文献研究之上。搜杂志网为您汇编了三篇范文，供您参考和学习。
Guangdong huizhou surveying and mapping of the 516003 survey of land and resources
Abstract: information technology used in surveying and mapping of land use and management have an important position, along with to the precision of the land surveying and mapping and efficiency, and other aspects of the constantly increasing demand, some more mature modern high technology has been used to land management work. This paper briefly analyzes the information mapping technology in the land use and the management of applications.
Key words: the land use and management; Surveying and mapping technology; application
With the rapid development of our country's economic construction, land resource is nervous. Land as a non-renewable resources, the importance of its value is self-evident, country over its use and management gradually standard, government land acquisitions in the process of the measurement accuracy requirement also gradually improve. This has prompted the land administration department of surveying and mapping to adopt new technology to meet new requirements.
A, information of the development of the technology of surveying and mapping
Modern surveying and mapping learning also called the earth space informatics, is in computer technology and communication technology rapid development under the background of the build up to remote sensing technology, geographic information system, global positioning system is the main body and core. Its application field, including land resources investigation, land planning, land development, engineering construction, urban development, intelligent traffic, fine farming, environmental research, earth science, oceanography, and many other fields. Modern surveying and mapping the development of science with the progress of the surveying and mapping technology, set up by remote sensing, remote sensing, ground of remote sensing space remote sensing observation system (RS); By graphical image processing, spatial analysis technology, database technology integrated into the geographic information system (GIS); Accurate, real-time, all-weather for 3 d coordinates of global positioning system (GPS); A variety of measurement technology integration "3 S" technology; Implement automation, intelligence, and digital electronic measurement instrument of applications.
Modern information technology application of surveying and mapping of the land utilization and management important role in promoting the development of the surveying and mapping technology, improve the land utilization and management of development and perfection, promote the land utilization and management support means of progress and reform.
Second, information mapping technology in the land use and the management of applications
Information mapping technology in the land use and management of the major applications in cadastral, land information system, land management technology support and so on.
(a) cadastral new stage
Cadastre survey as an important technology of the land management means one, is the basis of land management technical support. As with GPS, as a representative of the modern electronic surveying and mapping instruments development and application of cadastral technical support entered a new phase.
(1) the GPS application
Global positioning system (GPS) development of the land surveying and mapping work brought the historical changes, especially in the cadastre control survey on the application of exert a great impact. Because GPS technology does not need the depending, in cadastral control survey in the process of using GPS technology, to avoid the cadastre control of the limitations of selection point. GPS system has the stationing of high precision, flexible, and fast speed, all-weather and advantage, in the measurement of cadastral control can be widely used. In cities cadastral investigation process, just use GPS measuring instrument accuracy and level control proper, control point with the selection of selecting requirements, the layout of the accuracy of GPS system can fully meet local cities cadastral investigation code requirements. Cadastral the detailed survey as cadastral investigation inalienable important component of the determination of each land ownership of the estate boundary location point, line, position and number, shape, etc. GPS technology into the cadastre detail measurement process, in the surveyed area for layout point using the technology, and can completely can satisfy the demand for the accuracy of cadastral procedures.
(2) a variety of measuring the integrated application of technology
GPS technology in cadastral surveying and mapping process with unique superiority, but it doesn't have completely in the short term completely replace the traditional surveying and mapping instruments and methods, especially the tachometer role. In some cases, must use the theodolite, station the tester and measurement. The most effective way of cadastral is in effect of GPS satellite reception cover areas use tachometer, the theodolite, rangefinder and so on, USES graphic intersection method, polar coordinating method, analytical intersection method, method of cadastral survey tools cubits, with such instruments and methods can speed up cadastral detail measuring progress. Accordingly, according to different object characteristics and measuring technology of surveying and mapping and the advantages of the surveying and mapping technology of the integrated application of surveying and mapping technology is the future direction of the research focus.
(3) to be automatic measurement system,
In recent years, in the automatic measurement system of research in the field of also made breakthrough progress. In cadastral surveying and mapping work application engineering automatic measurement system of experience and method can realize the data record and processing, the achievements and field measurement, drawing up the output of automation, integration, will all kinds of the most advanced technology to the integration of surveying and mapping after comprehensive application, will be cadastral comprehensive trend automation of the powerful technical support.
(2) land information system
Information science and technology development and application of the surveying and mapping is land information system (LIS) to establish and application technology foundation. And the construction of land management LIS is an important channel to modernize, also is the future of one of land management mainly rely on, set system engineering, modern management, network communication technology, the computer technology, database technology, GIS technology, as a whole, is the modern land use and management of the development direction.
(3) information mapping technology for sustainable utilization of land resources
In the implementation of sustainable use of land resource of the sustainable development of society is the important part of human anti-war is particularly important. Will modern surveying and mapping technology is applied to land resources management work, dash forward show its technology has become the huge advantage of department of land as principle of work.
(1) land resources survey
With conventional methods of soil and soil resources degradation investigation, land use and so on, often consume a lot of human, material and financial resources, had failed to meet the practical needs. Along with the development of modern surveying and mapping remote sensing technology, especially high resolution satellite remote sensing technology of successful application, in land resources survey showed the superiority of the outstanding, through the investigation of the remote sensing technology to regular know a regional land resource use and destruction, can serve as a basis for the use of science, control and protect the land resource of the scheme.
(2) the land resources dynamic monitoring
Remote sensing technology has strong macro, coverage, abundant comprehensive information, rapid, equal time advantages, decided it in land resources dynamic monitoring in an important role. "4 D" technology, the application of GIS and remote sensing or will the integration of remote sensing monitoring method is the most effective monitoring method. And the global positioning system technology in the change of land use factor space data acquisition are significant advantage.
(3) land planning
Information mapping technology in the land planning has a huge advantage, it is the fundamental project planning land technical means, used to obtain land planning need graphics and space information data of surveying and mapping. And remote sensing technology to acquire land is one of the important ways to attribute information. GIS is more information of source analysis and processing, is land management to planning decision technology platform. Will professional space analysis model and the GIS with land planning work, is an important means of GIS system integration of one. If can make full use of the multiple source information and programming model of land use and management to optimize and planning, can improve the utilization rate of land resources.
(4) precision agriculture
Deepening the connotation is using the sustainable utilization of land resources in a different way, its purpose is to improve the land resource use level, a promising plan is fine agriculture. "3 S" technology in the precision agriculture is of great importance, is precision agriculture can realize the basic technical conditions, including RS technology can provide water status, disease history, crop condition, and other aspects of the information; The GIS techniques more comprehensive information source analysis, proposed a solution. GPS technology is used for agricultural machinery operation command and control.
Three, and information technology development direction of surveying and mapping
The current information surveying and mapping science and technology have been extensively applied, but, with the surveying and mapping the progress of science and technology has the land use and management of difficulty, the increase of the work, the existing mapping technology to have the very big development prospects. The author thinks that, the research on information technology from the following points of surveying and mapping to start.
(1) intelligent and automation research. Information mapping technology is the development direction of intelligent and automation technology of wide application, intelligent and modernization of surveying and mapping of science and technology can make the land use and management of technical means more perfect and powerful, and improve a variety of surveying and mapping technology integration and gradually establish a decision support system, comprehensive land use and management of the application level.
(2) the information and the digital: digital information, knowledge economy is the inevitable demand of The Times, surveying and mapping technology is no exception. "Digital earth" to put forward, for surveying and mapping technology development is also a very important opportunity. RS, GIS, GPS, electronic surveying and mapping, and other modern surveying and mapping technology application, make land science constantly adapt to need time, the direction of the way to the information, in the construction of the "information superhighway" process to realize the adjustment of the subject, perfection and development.
(3) integration and systematic, comprehensive and integrated technology, science across and penetration makes mapping technology research method, theoretical foundation, technical support has made much progress, realized the development of the discipline of comprehensive, integrated and systematized.
References:
[1] ChenXiaoMei, LiuYing. GPS technology in land surveying and mapping application [J]. Science and technology information (scientific research), 2007, (30).
[2] curriculum. GPS technology in land surveying and mapping cadastral control measurement applications [J]. Hebei agricultural science, 2008, (3).
中图分类号：G712 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-5727（2012）12-0145-02
人才需求调查研究的
目的、思路与技术路线
（一）调研目的与基本思路
调查目的 使我院地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业人才培养目标更加具有实践性、针对性和先进性，缩小与用人单位对人才需求的距离，实现与用人单位岗位“零距离”对接，了解省内外各地区、各企事业单位对我系专业设置的意见及对专业的需求情况及需求量；了解省内外各地区、各事业单位对专业人才培养计划的意见；了解我院近几届毕业生在工作单位的表现及用人单位对我院往届毕业生的工作、岗位能力评价；了解其他同类院校专业建设、课程建设、实验室建设情况及教学管理模式。
调研时间及地点 在2010年度的专业调研中，为了更好地达到调研目的，获取更多的调研资料，我院主要选择全国具有代表性的国土行业企业以及国土局来进行调查，全面覆盖地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业拟定的调研范围，采取分时段、分地点进行的方式。
调查对象 用人单位及近几届地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业毕业生。
调查方法（方式） 通过现场交流、问卷调查、走访、会议交流座谈、电话调查、网络调查等形式。
参与调研的企业 湖北省国土测绘院、广西壮族自治区国土测绘院、荆州市长江勘察设计院、荆州鑫地源土地规划设计有限公司、松滋市国土资源局、北京苍穹数码测绘有限公司、武汉鑫华夏土地技术咨询有限公司、深圳市爱华测绘有限公司、广西苍梧县国土局等。
调查方案（内容）设计 （1）企事业单位对现有地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业人才的使用情况；（2）企事业单位对地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业人才的需求情况；（3）企事业单位对地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业人才的能力要求。（4）企事业单位对高职院校地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业毕业生的态度、知识与能力的期望及现实感受。
（二）技术路线
技术路线如图1所示。
企事业单位对现有地籍测绘与
土地管理技术专业人才的使用情况
深圳市爱华测绘有限公司：在深圳市爱华测绘有限公司就业的毕业生主要从事权属调查和地籍测量、土地整理、土地规划设计等相关工作，公司在全国业务量较大，对我院近几届毕业生反映良好。
武汉鑫华夏土地技术咨询有限公司：武汉鑫华夏土地技术咨询有限公司主要从事土地利用总体规划设计、土地利用总体规划修编以及有关土地整理设计项目。公司反映我院2007届毕业生通过在公司两年多的磨炼，大部分都已经成为公司技术骨干，部分毕业生已经可以独立带队做规划修编项目以及做土地整理的相关工作。
武汉科岛地理信息工程有限公司：毕业生在武汉科岛地理信息工程有限公司主要从事土地资源调查和绘图相关技术工作，用人单位反映也比较好。公司还特别注重学生的道德素质培养，也对我们有所启示，对学生专业素质培养很重要，更要培养学生的道德素质。
广西苍梧县国土局：通过对进入国土局“顶岗实习”的毕业生进行调研，毕业生主要从事地籍管理、绘图、土地整理等相关技术工作，单位反映毕业生动手能力较强，有敬业精神，目前在广西苍梧县国土局“顶岗实习”的20多位毕业生，该局准备全部留用。
北京苍穹数码测绘有限公司：毕业生在该公司主要从事土地权属调查和地籍测量以及土地规划工程设计相关技术工作。单位建议在今后教学中加强学生对各种绘图软件的认识与熟悉，提高学生计算机使用能力。公司以后还会大量招聘房产测量员、数据处理员、土地整理设计人员、项目经理等。因此，调研认为该专业要从培养学生动手和创新能力着手，以适应市场需求。
企事业单位对地籍测绘与土地
管理技术专业人才的需求情况
（一）人才需求量分析
社会急需的专业人才 在国家“数字地球”、“数字城市”战略的指导下，全国企业和国土系统急需地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业人才。以地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业从事工作的性质来划分，大致可以分为以下几类：（1）从事管理型工作的专门人才。这部分毕业生主要在国土资源系统就职，主要从事地籍管理。对他们的基本要求是创新意识和创新能力，以及熟悉相关土地法律法规，熟练掌握确权发证的依据和步骤。（2）从事工程型工作的专门人才。主要从事地籍测绘、土地资源调查、土地利用规划的编制以及土地估价等相关工作。
企业在招聘时对地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业人才的期望 （1）专门技术能力：具有对地籍图和地形图判图的能力；具有一般地形测绘的能力；具有地籍测量的能力；具有房产测绘的能力；具有数字化测量绘图的能力；具有一定的土地利用规划方面的能力。（2）关键能力：具有献身测绘行业，热爱本职工作的精神；具有一定的自学能力及获取信息的能力；具有吃苦耐劳的行业精神；具有求实创新的科学精神。（3）职业延展能力：具有一定的土地资源调查与土地管理方面的能力；具有一定的土地估价与交易方面的能力。（4）基本素质：具有较强的语言表达能力和协作创新的工作适应能力；具备高职人才所需的人文和文化知识；具有一定的组织管理生产的能力；具有良好的职业道德和敬业精神；具有健康的体魄和良好的心理素质。（5）核心职业能力：计算机绘图能力；测绘仪器操作能力。分别有90%的人力资源主管和90%的项目主管在招聘员工时会看重应聘者的实践经验。不少企业会参看毕业生是否参加过项目或实习以及是否担任过学生干部等条件。从本专业人才培养方案来看，加大了学生在校实习与参与实践的力度，理论课与实践课的比例由以前的2∶1调整为1∶1，缩短企业再培训的时间，为企业直接输送上岗员工提供条件。
（二）企事业单位对地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业人才的新要求
毕业生毕业后主要在国土、城建、房地产以及相关领域的地籍测绘单位从事地籍测绘行业工作，同时也可以在国土局、土管所、规划设计院以及房地产估价部门从事土地调查、土地估价、土地利用规划及地籍管理等相关技术和管理方面的工作。
本专业培养拥护党的基本路线、方针、政策，适应社会主义市场经济体制和现代化建设需要，德、智、体、美全面发展，具有扎实的地籍测绘和土地管理的基本理论和基本知识，要求掌握测绘和管理的相关方法及原理，具备较强的职业技能和较高的职业综合素质，从事地籍测绘和地籍管理工作的高技能应用型人才。
对地籍测绘与土地管理
技术专业教学改革的建议
依托行业，推进“产学研”相结合，搞好继续教育 通过本年度专业调研，对促进我院的产学研结合是一种非常有效的途径，同时可以有效促进教学与社会的联系，对本专业以后的办学思路、教学模式、招生就业等具有积极的推动作用。
以“技能型”为主旨，整合地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业课程体系 对地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业相关课程进行整合，不再强调学科的系统性、完整性、理论性，而以实用性、技能性为特点，删除陈旧课程，合并重复课程，适当精简必修课程，以实用、够用为主；增设选修课程，开设遥感、土地信息系统等课程；突出现代地籍测绘与土地管理技术特色，设立AotoCAD、MAPGIS、ARCGIS、农田水利、土地整理工程设计等类课程，补充新兴科技发展对地籍测绘与土地管理技术工作的影响和要求等内容，以确保教学内容的先进性。按照人才培养方案的要求，把理论教学与实践教学的课时由以前的2∶1调整为1∶1，大大提高学生的实践技能。
注重职业能力培养，全面实施素质教育 实行人才培养模式的转变，要着眼于对学生五种素质和三种能力的培养。五种素质是指德、识、才、学、体五个方面。三种能力，一是语言能力；二是独立分析与解决问题的能力；三是创新能力。特别是要培养良好的人格特质，主要包括敬业、奉献、诚实、可靠，善于与他人合作、有吃苦耐劳的精神等。
强化职业技能训练，探索多证多能教学模式 合理设置实践课程，精心设计课程实训、实习、社会实践，使学生获得从事土地管理职业所需的知识和技能，并获得进入土地管理职业所需的职业技能证书。在专业实践体系中，使基本技能与现代信息技术运用、人文素养、国家职业标准相结合，强化学生的现代商务、现代办公设备应用、人际交往和企业管理等职业技能训练，提高毕业生的就业竞争力。
在本次调查中，我们力求客观、真实地反映企（事）业对地籍测绘与土地管理技术人才的需求，尽力为高职地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业教学改革、提高地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业学生就业适应性、更好培养适应企业需求的专门人才提供依据和建议。尽管在调查过程中我们的调研工作存在着局限性，在思考分析中会出现一些偏差，但我们相信，这些具有实践应用价值和参考意义的调查研究成果，定会促进高职地籍测绘与土地管理技术专业建设和教学改革的健康发展。
参考文献：
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[中图分类号] P271 [文献码] B [文章编号] 1000-405X（2013）-3-9-1
0 引言
随着城市建设步伐的加快，地籍管理业务量迅速增加，权属变更日益频繁，各行各业对地籍水平提出了更高的要求。为了适应土地市场发展的新形势，加强土地市场管理，维护土地市场秩序，保障土地权利人的合法权益，适时推出以GIS为基础的地籍管理信息系统是大势所趋。
1 地籍测绘的内容
地籍测绘就是运用测绘仪器、测绘技术、测绘手段来测定土地以及其自然状况、权属状况、位置、数量及利用状况的专业测绘。地籍测绘的任务主要包含外业测绘、内业编制地籍号，绘制宗地图、面积计算、成果输出及归档。形成的资料有：地籍图、宗地图、宗地面积量算表、调查表格等。地籍测绘的目的很明确，主要为了地籍管理，开发管理，交易管理以及评估、征税、收费、仲裁、地籍面积鉴定等土地管理提供基础图、表、数字、资料和相关的信息。它的另一个目的就是为城市规划、城市建设（如基础设施、地下管网、通信线路、环境保护等）等提供基础数据和资料。
地籍测绘分为地籍基础测绘和地籍项目测绘两种。地籍基础测绘是指在一个城市或一个地域内大范围、整体的建立平面控制网，来测绘形成的基础图纸—一分幅地籍图。地籍项目测绘，是指在地籍管理、开发管理以及其他土地管理过程中需要测绘土地平面图及相关的图、表、册、薄、数据等开展的测绘活动。地籍项目测绘贯穿于整个土地权属管理、交易、开发等土地业务全过程，工作量大。其中最大量、最具现时性、最重要的是土地权属证附图的测绘。
2 地籍管理中引入GIS的意义
将GIS引入地籍管理是对传统地籍管理方式的一个突破，它标志着地籍管理走向更加成熟、更加规范的管理模式。我们知道，地籍信息包含坐落信息、自然信息、产权信息和管理信息等。坐落信息对于土地确定有重要的标识作用，在传统的地籍管理中，土地坐落一般都以城市的街区名来定义，而街区名有模糊、易变、不精确的特点，难以从根本山杜绝重复发证等现象的发生。引入GIS后，将办证的地形图紧密关联，通过地形图的精确坐标来定义土地坐标，能实现真正意义上的以图管证，保证土地确权办证的准确、顺利进行。另一方面，通过土地GIS可以进行任意地理范围内土地的各类统计分析，如产权发证状况分析、产权变更面积统计与分析、产权查封、抵押的统计与分析等，能方便了解城市土地的状况。
3 地籍基础测绘与GIS的关系
地籍基础测绘系统实现全数字化的基础测绘，通过使用各种测绘仪器，采集地籍测绘点坐标，绘制包括地籍分幅图、录入土地勘测属性数据、填写土地调查信息。另外采集的数据还有政区、居民地、交通与管网、水系及附属设施、地貌、地名等内容，这些数据全面反映了数据库覆盖范围内自然地理条件和社会经济情况，可用于建设规划、资源管理、投资环境分析、商业布局等方面、可作为人口、资源、环境、交通、报警等个专业信息的空间定位基础。这些基础测绘采集的数据是GIS的源头，数据采集是GIS的运行和使用离不开通过测绘获得的数据。地籍基础测绘行业作为地籍GIS应用基础数据的主要生产部门，在信息产业飞速发展的今天，其地位的重要性和技术的先进性进行更加彰明较著。
4 基于土地管理的测绘信息管理服务系统的发展前景
构建基于土地管理的测绘信息管理服务系统具有重要意义，将城市土地管理工作提上一个新台阶，促进测绘事业的进一步发展。
（1）为土地管理提供全过程的优质服务。基于土地管理的测绘信息系统的建立，将为建设用地的征用，预审，供地，确权，建设用地批准下达等办理阶段的定位，定量和可视化分析提供准确的基础资料和高效的指标核算工具，有助于动态把握对土地实施管理的全过程，提高了土地审批与监督管理的科学水平和工作效率。
（2）巩固技术优势，拓展城市测绘业务。基于土地管理的测绘信息系统的建立，为土地管理类提供全面技术支持的同时，也丰富了测绘成果的表现形式和技术含量，在基础土建基础上，可以进一步提供定位分析、定量分析、可视化分析的成果，有助于提高测绘工作的社会地位，变政策优势为技术优势和经济优势。
（3）促进数字化测绘向信息化测绘体系的转变。经过建国五十多年的快速发展，城市测绘行业已经在数据采集、辅助成图、数据建库等方面发生了质的飞跃，实现了测绘行业从传统的手工作业到现代化作业方式的转变，数字化测绘技术体系已基本形成。基于土地管理的测绘信息管理系统的建立，有利于丰富测绘成果内容与表现形式，促进信息化测绘体系的形成。
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